--- Module for generating random strings
-- @module lqc.generators.string
-- @alias new
local random = require 'lqc.random'
local lqc = require 'lqc.quickcheck'
local Gen = require 'lqc.generator'
local char = require 'lqc.generators.char'
local char_gen = char()

-- NOTE: The shrink algorithms are *heavily* based on triq
--       https://github.com/krestenkrab/triq

--- Determines how many items to shrink.
-- @param length size of the string
-- @return integer indicating how many items to shrink
local function shrink_how_many(length)
    -- 20% chance more than 1 member is shrunk
    if random.between(1, 5) == 1 then
        return random.between(1, length)
    end

    return 1
end

--- Replaces a character in the string 'str' at index 'idx' with 'new_char'.
-- @param str string to be modified
-- @param new_char value that will replace the old character in the string
-- @param idx position in the string where the character should be replaced
-- @return updated string
local function string_replace_char(str, new_char, idx)
    local result = {}
    result[1] = string.sub(str, 1, idx - 1)
    result[2] = new_char
    result[3] = string.sub(str, idx + 1)
    return table.concat(result)
end

--- Replaces 1 character at a random location in the string, tries up to 100
--  times if shrink gave back same result.
-- @param prev previously generated string value
-- @param length size of the string
-- @param iterations_count remaining tries to shrink down this string
-- @return shrunk down string value
local function do_shrink_generic(prev, length, iterations_count)
    local idx = random.between(1, length)
    local old_char = string.sub(prev, idx, idx)
    local new_char = char_gen:shrink(old_char)

    if new_char == old_char and iterations_count ~= 0 then
        -- Shrink introduced no simpler result, retry at other index.
        return do_shrink_generic(prev, length, iterations_count - 1)
    end

    return string_replace_char(prev, new_char, idx)
end

--- Shrinks an amount of characters in the string.
-- @param str string to be shrunk down
-- @param length size of the string
-- @param how_many amount of characters to shrink
-- @return shrunk down string value
local function shrink_generic(str, length, how_many)
    if how_many ~= 0 then
        local new_str = do_shrink_generic(str, length, lqc.numshrinks)
        return shrink_generic(new_str, length, how_many - 1)
    end

    return str
end

--- Determines if the string should be shrunk down to a shorter string
-- @param str_len size of the string
-- @return true: string should be made shorter; false: string should remain
--               size during shrinking
local function should_shrink_smaller(str_len)
    if str_len == 0 then
        return false
    end
    return random.between(1, 5) == 1
end

--- Shrinks the string by removing 1 character
-- @param str string to be shrunk down
-- @param str_len size of the string
-- @return new string with 1 random character removed
local function shrink_smaller(str, str_len)
    local idx = random.between(1, str_len)

    -- Handle edge cases (first or last char)
    if idx == 1 then
        return string.sub(str, 2)
    end
    if idx == str_len then
        return string.sub(str, 1, idx - 1)
    end

    local new_str = {string.sub(str, 1, idx - 1), string.sub(str, idx + 1)}
    return table.concat(new_str)
end

--- Generates a string with a specific size.
-- @param size size of the string to generate
-- @return string of a specific size
local function do_generic_pick(size)
    local result = {}
    for _ = 1, size do
        result[#result + 1] = char_gen:pick()
    end
    return table.concat(result)
end

--- Generates a string with arbitrary length (0 <= size <= numtests).
-- @param numtests Number of times the property uses this generator; used to
--                 guide the optimization process.
-- @return string of an arbitrary size
local function arbitrary_length_pick(numtests)
    local size = random.between(0, numtests)
    return do_generic_pick(size)
end

--- Shrinks a string to a simpler form (smaller / different chars).
--  1. Returns empty strings instantly
--  2. Determine if string should be made shorter
--  2.1 if true: remove a char
--  2.2 otherwise:
--   * simplify a random amount of characters
--   * remove a char if simplify did not help
--   * otherwise return the simplified string
-- @param prev previously generated string value
-- @return shrunk down string value
local function arbitrary_length_shrink(prev)
    local length = #prev
    if length == 0 then
        return prev
    end -- handle empty strings

    if should_shrink_smaller(length) then
        return shrink_smaller(prev, length)
    end

    local new_str = shrink_generic(prev, length, shrink_how_many(length))
    if new_str == prev then
        -- shrinking didn't help, remove an element
        return shrink_smaller(new_str, length)
    end

    -- string shrunk succesfully!
    return new_str
end

--- Helper function for generating a string with a specific size
-- @param size size of the string to generate
-- @return function that can generate strings of a specific size
local function specific_length_pick(size)
    local function do_specific_pick()
        return do_generic_pick(size)
    end
    return do_specific_pick
end

--- Shrinks a string to a simpler form (only different chars since length is fixed).
--   * "" -> ""
--   * non-empty string, shrinks upto max 5 chars of the string
-- @param prev previously generated string value
-- @return shrunk down string value
local function specific_length_shrink(prev)
    local length = #prev
    if length == 0 then
        return prev
    end -- handle empty strings
    return shrink_generic(prev, length, shrink_how_many(length))
end

--- Generator for a string with an arbitrary size
-- @return generator for a string of arbitrary size
local function arbitrary_length_string()
    return Gen.new(arbitrary_length_pick, arbitrary_length_shrink)
end

--- Creates a generator for a string of a specific size
-- @param size size of the string to generate
-- @return generator for a string of a specific size
local function specific_length_string(size)
    return Gen.new(specific_length_pick(size), specific_length_shrink)
end

--- Creates a new ASCII string generator
-- @param size size of the string
-- @return generator that can generate the following:
--   1. size provided: a string of a specific size
--   2. no size provided: string of an arbitrary size
local function new(size)
    if size then
        return specific_length_string(size)
    end
    return arbitrary_length_string()
end

return new