--- XML LOM Utilities.
--
-- This implements some useful things on [LOM](http://matthewwild.co.uk/projects/luaexpat/lom.html) documents, such as returned by `lxp.lom.parse`.
-- In particular, it can convert LOM back into XML text, with optional pretty-printing control.
-- It is s based on stanza.lua from [Prosody](http://hg.prosody.im/trunk/file/4621c92d2368/util/stanza.lua)
--
--     > d = xml.parse "<nodes><node id='1'>alice</node></nodes>"
--     > = d
--     <nodes><node id='1'>alice</node></nodes>
--     > = xml.tostring(d,'','  ')
--     <nodes>
--        <node id='1'>alice</node>
--     </nodes>
--
-- Can be used as a lightweight one-stop-shop for simple XML processing; a simple XML parser is included
-- but the default is to use `lxp.lom` if it can be found.
-- <pre>
-- Prosody IM
-- Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Matthew Wild
-- Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Waqas Hussain--
-- classic Lua XML parser by Roberto Ierusalimschy.
-- modified to output LOM format.
-- http://lua-users.org/wiki/LuaXml
-- </pre>
-- See @{06-data.md.XML|the Guide}
--
-- Dependencies: `pl.utils`
--
-- Soft Dependencies: `lxp.lom` (fallback is to use basic Lua parser)
-- @module pl.xml

local utils = require 'pl.utils'
local split         =   utils.split;
local t_insert      =  table.insert;
local t_concat      =  table.concat;
local t_remove      =  table.remove;
local s_match       =  string.match;
local tostring      =      tostring;
local setmetatable  =  setmetatable;
local getmetatable  =  getmetatable;
local pairs         =         pairs;
local ipairs        =        ipairs;
local type          =          type;
local next          =          next;
local print         =         print;
local unpack        =  utils.unpack;
local s_gsub        =   string.gsub;
local s_find        =   string.find;
local pcall,require,io     =   pcall,require,io

local _M = {}
local Doc = { __type = "doc" };
Doc.__index = Doc;

--- create a new document node.
-- @param tag the tag name
-- @param attr optional attributes (table of name-value pairs)
function _M.new(tag, attr)
    local doc = { tag = tag, attr = attr or {}, last_add = {}};
    return setmetatable(doc, Doc);
end

--- parse an XML document.  By default, this uses lxp.lom.parse, but
-- falls back to basic_parse, or if use_basic is true
-- @param text_or_file  file or string representation
-- @param is_file whether text_or_file is a file name or not
-- @param use_basic do a basic parse
-- @return a parsed LOM document with the document metatatables set
-- @return nil, error the error can either be a file error or a parse error
function _M.parse(text_or_file, is_file, use_basic)
    local parser,status,lom
    if use_basic then parser = _M.basic_parse
    else
        status,lom = pcall(require,'lxp.lom')
        if not status then parser = _M.basic_parse else parser = lom.parse end
    end
    if is_file then
        local f,err = io.open(text_or_file)
        if not f then return nil,err end
        text_or_file = f:read '*a'
        f:close()
    end
    local doc,err = parser(text_or_file)
    if not doc then return nil,err end
    if lom then
        _M.walk(doc,false,function(_,d)
            setmetatable(d,Doc)
        end)
    end
    return doc
end

---- convenient function to add a document node, This updates the last inserted position.
-- @param tag a tag name
-- @param attrs optional set of attributes (name-string pairs)
function Doc:addtag(tag, attrs)
    local s = _M.new(tag, attrs);
    (self.last_add[#self.last_add] or self):add_direct_child(s);
    t_insert(self.last_add, s);
    return self;
end

--- convenient function to add a text node.  This updates the last inserted position.
-- @param text a string
function Doc:text(text)
    (self.last_add[#self.last_add] or self):add_direct_child(text);
    return self;
end

---- go up one level in a document
function Doc:up()
    t_remove(self.last_add);
    return self;
end

function Doc:reset()
    local last_add = self.last_add;
    for i = 1,#last_add do
        last_add[i] = nil;
    end
    return self;
end

--- append a child to a document directly.
-- @param child a child node (either text or a document)
function Doc:add_direct_child(child)
    t_insert(self, child);
end

--- append a child to a document at the last element added
-- @param child a child node (either text or a document)
function Doc:add_child(child)
    (self.last_add[#self.last_add] or self):add_direct_child(child);
    return self;
end

--accessing attributes: useful not to have to expose implementation (attr)
--but also can allow attr to be nil in any future optimizations

--- set attributes of a document node.
-- @param t a table containing attribute/value pairs
function Doc:set_attribs (t)
    for k,v in pairs(t) do
        self.attr[k] = v
    end
end

--- set a single attribute of a document node.
-- @param a attribute
-- @param v its value
function Doc:set_attrib(a,v)
    self.attr[a] = v
end

--- access the attributes of a document node.
function Doc:get_attribs()
    return self.attr
end

local function is_text(s) return type(s) == 'string' end

--- function to create an element with a given tag name and a set of children.
-- @param tag a tag name
-- @param items either text or a table where the hash part is the attributes and the list part is the children.
function _M.elem(tag,items)
    local s = _M.new(tag)
    if is_text(items) then items = {items} end
    if _M.is_tag(items) then
       t_insert(s,items)
    elseif type(items) == 'table' then
       for k,v in pairs(items) do
           if is_text(k) then
               s.attr[k] = v
               t_insert(s.attr,k)
           else
               s[k] = v
           end
       end
    end
    return s
end

--- given a list of names, return a number of element constructors.
-- @param list  a list of names, or a comma-separated string.
-- @usage local parent,children = doc.tags 'parent,children' <br>
--  doc = parent {child 'one', child 'two'}
function _M.tags(list)
    local ctors = {}
    if is_text(list) then list = split(list,'%s*,%s*') end
    for _,tag in ipairs(list) do
        local ctor = function(items) return _M.elem(tag,items) end
        t_insert(ctors,ctor)
    end
    return unpack(ctors)
end

local templ_cache = {}

local function template_cache (templ)
    if is_text(templ) then
        if templ_cache[templ] then
            templ = templ_cache[templ]
        else
            local str,err = templ
            templ,err = _M.parse(str,false,true)
            if not templ then return nil,err end
            templ_cache[str] = templ
        end
    elseif not _M.is_tag(templ) then
        return nil, "template is not a document"
    end
    return templ
end

local function is_data(data)
    return #data == 0 or type(data[1]) ~= 'table'
end

local function prepare_data(data)
    -- a hack for ensuring that $1 maps to first element of data, etc.
    -- Either this or could change the gsub call just below.
    for i,v in ipairs(data) do
        data[tostring(i)] = v
    end
end

--- create a substituted copy of a document,
-- @param templ  may be a document or a string representation which will be parsed and cached
-- @param data  a table of name-value pairs or a list of such tables
-- @return an XML document
function Doc.subst(templ, data)
    local err
    if type(data) ~= 'table' or not next(data) then return nil, "data must be a non-empty table" end
    if is_data(data) then
        prepare_data(data)
    end
    templ,err = template_cache(templ)
    if err then return nil, err end
    local function _subst(item)
        return _M.clone(templ,function(s)
            return s:gsub('%$(%w+)',item)
        end)
    end
    if is_data(data) then return _subst(data) end
    local list = {}
    for _,item in ipairs(data) do
        prepare_data(item)
        t_insert(list,_subst(item))
    end
    if data.tag then
        list = _M.elem(data.tag,list)
    end
    return list
end


--- get the first child with a given tag name.
-- @param tag the tag name
function Doc:child_with_name(tag)
    for _, child in ipairs(self) do
        if child.tag == tag then return child; end
    end
end

local _children_with_name
function _children_with_name(self,tag,list,recurse)
    for _, child in ipairs(self) do if type(child) == 'table' then
        if child.tag == tag then t_insert(list,child) end
        if recurse then _children_with_name(child,tag,list,recurse) end
    end end
end

--- get all elements in a document that have a given tag.
-- @param tag a tag name
-- @param dont_recurse optionally only return the immediate children with this tag name
-- @return a list of elements
function Doc:get_elements_with_name(tag,dont_recurse)
    local res = {}
    _children_with_name(self,tag,res,not dont_recurse)
    return res
end

-- iterate over all children of a document node, including text nodes.
function Doc:children()
    local i = 0;
    return function (a)
            i = i + 1
            return a[i];
    end, self, i;
end

-- return the first child element of a node, if it exists.
function Doc:first_childtag()
    if #self == 0 then return end
    for _,t in ipairs(self) do
        if type(t) == 'table' then return t end
    end
end

function Doc:matching_tags(tag, xmlns)
    xmlns = xmlns or self.attr.xmlns;
    local tags = self;
    local start_i, max_i, v = 1, #tags;
    return function ()
            for i=start_i,max_i do
                v = tags[i];
                if (not tag or v.tag == tag)
                and (not xmlns or xmlns == v.attr.xmlns) then
                    start_i = i+1;
                    return v;
                end
            end
        end, tags, start_i;
end

--- iterate over all child elements of a document node.
function Doc:childtags()
    local i = 0;
    return function (a)
        local v
            repeat
                i = i + 1
                v = self[i]
                if v and type(v) == 'table' then return v; end
            until not v
        end, self[1], i;
end

--- visit child element  of a node and call a function, possibility modifying the document.
-- @param callback  a function passed the node (text or element). If it returns nil, that node will be removed.
-- If it returns a value, that will replace the current node.
function Doc:maptags(callback)
    local is_tag = _M.is_tag
    local i = 1;
    while i <= #self do
        if is_tag(self[i]) then
            local ret = callback(self[i]);
            if ret == nil then
                t_remove(self, i);
            else
                self[i] = ret;
                i = i + 1;
            end
        end
    end
    return self;
end

local xml_escape
do
    local escape_table = { ["'"] = "&apos;", ["\""] = "&quot;", ["<"] = "&lt;", [">"] = "&gt;", ["&"] = "&amp;" };
    function xml_escape(str) return (s_gsub(str, "['&<>\"]", escape_table)); end
    _M.xml_escape = xml_escape;
end

-- pretty printing
-- if indent, then put each new tag on its own line
-- if attr_indent, put each new attribute on its own line
local function _dostring(t, buf, self, xml_escape, parentns, idn, indent, attr_indent)
    local nsid = 0;
    local tag = t.tag
    local lf,alf = ""," "
    if indent then lf = '\n'..idn end
    if attr_indent then alf = '\n'..idn..attr_indent end
    t_insert(buf, lf.."<"..tag);
    local function write_attr(k,v)
        if s_find(k, "\1", 1, true) then
            local ns, attrk = s_match(k, "^([^\1]*)\1?(.*)$");
            nsid = nsid + 1;
            t_insert(buf, " xmlns:ns"..nsid.."='"..xml_escape(ns).."' ".."ns"..nsid..":"..attrk.."='"..xml_escape(v).."'");
        elseif not(k == "xmlns" and v == parentns) then
            t_insert(buf, alf..k.."='"..xml_escape(v).."'");
        end
    end
    -- it's useful for testing to have predictable attribute ordering, if available
    if #t.attr > 0 then
        for _,k in ipairs(t.attr) do
            write_attr(k,t.attr[k])
        end
    else
        for k, v in pairs(t.attr) do
            write_attr(k,v)
        end
    end
    local len,has_children = #t;
    if len == 0 then
    local out = "/>"
    if attr_indent then out = '\n'..idn..out end
        t_insert(buf, out);
    else
        t_insert(buf, ">");
        for n=1,len do
            local child = t[n];
            if child.tag then
                self(child, buf, self, xml_escape, t.attr.xmlns,idn and idn..indent, indent, attr_indent );
                has_children = true
            else -- text element
                t_insert(buf, xml_escape(child));
            end
        end
        t_insert(buf, (has_children and lf or '').."</"..tag..">");
    end
end

---- pretty-print an XML document
--- @param t an XML document
--- @param idn an initial indent (indents are all strings)
--- @param indent an indent for each level
--- @param attr_indent if given, indent each attribute pair and put on a separate line
--- @param xml force prefacing with default or custom <?xml...>
--- @return a string representation
function _M.tostring(t,idn,indent, attr_indent, xml)
    local buf = {};
    if xml then
        if type(xml) == "string" then
            buf[1] = xml
        else
            buf[1] = "<?xml version='1.0'?>"
        end
    end
    _dostring(t, buf, _dostring, xml_escape, nil,idn,indent, attr_indent);
    return t_concat(buf);
end

Doc.__tostring = _M.tostring

--- get the full text value of an element
function Doc:get_text()
    local res = {}
    for i,el in ipairs(self) do
        if is_text(el) then t_insert(res,el) end
    end
    return t_concat(res);
end

--- make a copy of a document
-- @param doc the original document
-- @param strsubst an optional function for handling string copying which could do substitution, etc.
function _M.clone(doc, strsubst)
    local lookup_table = {};
    local function _copy(object,kind,parent)
        if type(object) ~= "table" then
            if strsubst and is_text(object) then return strsubst(object,kind,parent)
            else return object
            end
        elseif lookup_table[object] then
            return lookup_table[object]
        end
        local new_table = {};
        lookup_table[object] = new_table
        local tag = object.tag
        new_table.tag = _copy(tag,'*TAG',parent)
        if object.attr then
            local res = {}
            for attr,value in pairs(object.attr) do
                res[attr] = _copy(value,attr,object)
            end
            new_table.attr = res
        end
        for index = 1,#object do
            local v = _copy(object[index],'*TEXT',object)
            t_insert(new_table,v)
        end
        return setmetatable(new_table, getmetatable(object))
    end

    return _copy(doc)
end

Doc.filter = _M.clone -- also available as method

--- compare two documents.
-- @param t1 any value
-- @param t2 any value
function _M.compare(t1,t2)
    local ty1 = type(t1)
    local ty2 = type(t2)
    if ty1 ~= ty2 then return false, 'type mismatch' end
    if ty1 == 'string' then
        return t1 == t2 and true or 'text '..t1..' ~= text '..t2
    end
    if ty1 ~= 'table' or ty2 ~= 'table' then return false, 'not a document' end
    if t1.tag ~= t2.tag then return false, 'tag  '..t1.tag..' ~= tag '..t2.tag end
    if #t1 ~= #t2 then return false, 'size '..#t1..' ~= size '..#t2..' for tag '..t1.tag end
    -- compare attributes
    for k,v in pairs(t1.attr) do
        if t2.attr[k] ~= v then return false, 'mismatch attrib' end
    end
    for k,v in pairs(t2.attr) do
        if t1.attr[k] ~= v then return false, 'mismatch attrib' end
    end
    -- compare children
    for i = 1,#t1 do
        local yes,err = _M.compare(t1[i],t2[i])
        if not yes then return err end
    end
    return true
end

--- is this value a document element?
-- @param d any value
function _M.is_tag(d)
    return type(d) == 'table' and is_text(d.tag)
end

--- call the desired function recursively over the document.
-- @param doc the document
-- @param depth_first  visit child notes first, then the current node
-- @param operation a function which will receive the current tag name and current node.
function _M.walk (doc, depth_first, operation)
    if not depth_first then operation(doc.tag,doc) end
    for _,d in ipairs(doc) do
        if _M.is_tag(d) then
            _M.walk(d,depth_first,operation)
        end
    end
    if depth_first then operation(doc.tag,doc) end
end

local html_empty_elements = { --lists all HTML empty (void) elements
    br      = true,
    img     = true,
    meta    = true,
    frame   = true,
    area    = true,
    hr      = true,
    base    = true,
    col     = true,
    link    = true,
    input   = true,
    option  = true,
    param   = true,
    isindex = true,
    embed = true,
}

local escapes = { quot = "\"", apos = "'", lt = "<", gt = ">", amp = "&" }
local function unescape(str) return (str:gsub( "&(%a+);", escapes)); end

--- Parse a well-formed HTML file as a string.
-- Tags are case-insenstive, DOCTYPE is ignored, and empty elements can be .. empty.
-- @param s the HTML
function _M.parsehtml (s)
    return _M.basic_parse(s,false,true)
end

--- Parse a simple XML document using a pure Lua parser based on Robero Ierusalimschy's original version.
-- @param s the XML document to be parsed.
-- @param all_text  if true, preserves all whitespace. Otherwise only text containing non-whitespace is included.
-- @param html if true, uses relaxed HTML rules for parsing
function _M.basic_parse(s,all_text,html)
    local t_insert,t_remove = table.insert,table.remove
    local s_find,s_sub = string.find,string.sub
    local stack = {}
    local top = {}

    local function parseargs(s)
      local arg = {}
      s:gsub("([%w:%-_]+)%s*=%s*([\"'])(.-)%2", function (w, _, a)
        if html then w = w:lower() end
        arg[w] = unescape(a)
      end)
      if html then
        s:gsub("([%w:%-_]+)%s*=%s*([^\"']+)%s*", function (w, a)
          w = w:lower()
          arg[w] = unescape(a)
        end)
      end
      return arg
    end

    t_insert(stack, top)
    local ni,c,label,xarg, empty, _, istart
    local i = 1
    local j
    -- we're not interested in <?xml version="1.0"?>
    _,istart = s_find(s,'^%s*<%?[^%?]+%?>%s*')
    if not istart then -- or <!DOCTYPE ...>
        _,istart = s_find(s,'^%s*<!DOCTYPE.->%s*')
    end
    if istart then i = istart+1 end
    while true do
        ni,j,c,label,xarg, empty = s_find(s, "<([%/!]?)([%w:%-_]+)(.-)(%/?)>", i)
        if not ni then break end
        if c == "!" then -- comment
            -- case where there's no space inside comment
            if not (label:match '%-%-$' and xarg == '') then
                if xarg:match '%-%-$' then -- we've grabbed it all
                    j = j - 2
                end
                -- match end of comment
                _,j = s_find(s, "-->", j, true)
            end
        else
            local text = s_sub(s, i, ni-1)
            if html then
                label = label:lower()
                if html_empty_elements[label] then empty = "/" end
            end
            if all_text or not s_find(text, "^%s*$") then
                t_insert(top, unescape(text))
            end
            if empty == "/" then  -- empty element tag
                t_insert(top, setmetatable({tag=label, attr=parseargs(xarg), empty=1},Doc))
            elseif c == "" then   -- start tag
                top = setmetatable({tag=label, attr=parseargs(xarg)},Doc)
                t_insert(stack, top)   -- new level
            else  -- end tag
                local toclose = t_remove(stack)  -- remove top
                top = stack[#stack]
                if #stack < 1 then
                    error("nothing to close with "..label..':'..text)
                end
                if toclose.tag ~= label then
                    error("trying to close "..toclose.tag.." with "..label.." "..text)
                end
                t_insert(top, toclose)
            end
        end
        i = j+1
    end
    local text = s_sub(s, i)
    if all_text or  not s_find(text, "^%s*$") then
        t_insert(stack[#stack], unescape(text))
    end
    if #stack > 1 then
        error("unclosed "..stack[#stack].tag)
    end
    local res = stack[1]
    return is_text(res[1]) and res[2] or res[1]
end

local function empty(attr) return not attr or not next(attr) end
local function is_element(d) return type(d) == 'table' and d.tag ~= nil end

-- returns the key,value pair from a table if it has exactly one entry
local function has_one_element(t)
    local key,value = next(t)
    if next(t,key) ~= nil then return false end
    return key,value
end

local function append_capture(res,tbl)
    if not empty(tbl) then -- no point in capturing empty tables...
        local key
        if tbl._ then  -- if $_ was set then it is meant as the top-level key for the captured table
            key = tbl._
            tbl._ = nil
            if empty(tbl) then return end
        end
        -- a table with only one pair {[0]=value} shall be reduced to that value
        local numkey,val = has_one_element(tbl)
        if numkey == 0 then tbl = val end
        if key then
            res[key] = tbl
        else -- otherwise, we append the captured table
            t_insert(res,tbl)
        end
    end
end

local function make_number(pat)
    if pat:find '^%d+$' then -- $1 etc means use this as an array location
        pat = tonumber(pat)
    end
    return pat
end

local function capture_attrib(res,pat,value)
    pat = make_number(pat:sub(2))
    res[pat] = value
    return true
end

local match
function match(d,pat,res,keep_going)
    local ret = true
    if d == nil then d = '' end --return false end
    -- attribute string matching is straight equality, except if the pattern is a $ capture,
    -- which always succeeds.
    if is_text(d) then
        if not is_text(pat) then return false end
        if _M.debug then print(d,pat) end
        if pat:find '^%$' then
            return capture_attrib(res,pat,d)
        else
            return d == pat
        end
    else
    if _M.debug then print(d.tag,pat.tag) end
        -- this is an element node. For a match to succeed, the attributes must
        -- match as well.
        -- a tagname in the pattern ending with '-' is a wildcard and matches like an attribute
        local tagpat = pat.tag:match '^(.-)%-$'
        if tagpat then
            tagpat = make_number(tagpat)
            res[tagpat] = d.tag
        end
        if d.tag == pat.tag or tagpat then

            if not empty(pat.attr) then
                if empty(d.attr) then ret =  false
                else
                    for prop,pval in pairs(pat.attr) do
                        local dval = d.attr[prop]
                        if not match(dval,pval,res) then ret = false;  break end
                    end
                end
            end
            -- the pattern may have child nodes. We match partially, so that {P1,P2} shall match {X,P1,X,X,P2,..}
            if ret and #pat > 0 then
                local i,j = 1,1
                local function next_elem()
                    j = j + 1  -- next child element of data
                    if is_text(d[j]) then j = j + 1 end
                    return j <= #d
                end
                repeat
                    local p = pat[i]
                    -- repeated {{<...>}} patterns  shall match one or more elements
                    -- so e.g. {P+} will match {X,X,P,P,X,P,X,X,X}
                    if is_element(p) and p.repeated then
                        local found
                        repeat
                            local tbl = {}
                            ret = match(d[j],p,tbl,false)
                            if ret then
                                found = false --true
                                append_capture(res,tbl)
                            end
                        until not next_elem() or (found and not ret)
                        i = i + 1
                    else
                        ret = match(d[j],p,res,false)
                        if ret then i = i + 1 end
                    end
                until not next_elem() or i > #pat -- run out of elements or patterns to match
                -- if every element in our pattern matched ok, then it's been a successful match
                if i > #pat then return true end
            end
            if ret then return true end
        else
            ret = false
        end
        -- keep going anyway - look at the children!
        if keep_going then
            for child in d:childtags() do
                ret = match(child,pat,res,keep_going)
                if ret then break end
            end
        end
    end
    return ret
end

function Doc:match(pat)
    local err
    pat,err = template_cache(pat)
    if not pat then return nil, err end
    _M.walk(pat,false,function(_,d)
        if is_text(d[1]) and is_element(d[2]) and is_text(d[3]) and
           d[1]:find '%s*{{' and d[3]:find '}}%s*' then
           t_remove(d,1)
           t_remove(d,2)
           d[1].repeated = true
        end
    end)

    local res = {}
    local ret = match(self,pat,res,true)
    return res,ret
end


return _M

